Block by phencyclidine of acetylcholine and barium induced adrenal catecholamine secretion

Activation of the sympathetic system by phencyclidine (PCP) should result in catecholamine release from the adrenals. However, adrenalectomy does not reduce PCP-induced hypertension. In an attempt to rectify this inconsistency, the direct effects of PCP on the bovine adrenal medulla were examined. At (3×10^?6M), PCP reduced the acetylcholine-(ACh)-induced catecholamine release by 50%. Surprisingly, barium-induced secretion of catecholamines was also reduced by PCP. ACh-induced catecholamine release was not altered by 10^?3M 4-aminopyridine (4 AP), the potassium channel blocker. Thus, calcium antagonist actions of PCP and consequent block of catecholamine secretion from adrenal medulla may explain the lack of effect of adrenalectomy on PCP-induced hypertension. Possible contributions of calcium and/or potassium channel blockade to other manifestations of PCP overdosage are discussed.     

Is group progressive relaxation training as effective with hyperactive children as individual EMG biofeedback treatment?

This study examined whether group progressive relaxation training was as effective as individual EMG biofeedback training in facilitating the academic achievement and self-control of 45 hyperactive elementary school children. Academic achievement was assessed with the Gates-MacGinities Reading Tests, and self-control was measured with the Nowicki-Strickland and the Teacher Rating scales. Eight sessions were scheduled at weekly intervals. Progressive relaxation was conducted in groups of seven or eight and was induced with a commercial audiocassette program. EMG training augmented frontalis biofeedback with those taped exercises. A placebo group listened to taped children's stories. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated no significant differences among the three contrast groups when all dependent variables were considered together. However, univariate F values and discriminant analysis disclosed locus of control to be significantly more internal for the progressive relaxation condition. Also, differences between the two relaxation and the placebo groups, though not statistically significant, were all in the expected direction. While the relative efficacy of group progressive relaxation could not be established conclusively, the data appeared sufficiently positive to warrant further investigation of this cost-effective prospective intervention.The opinions expressed by the authors are not necessarily those of their respective institutions.     

ON RHODOPSIN IN SOLUTION

1. The properties of rhodopsin in solution have been examined in preparations from marine fishes, frogs, and mammals. 2. The bleaching of neutral rhodopsin in solution includes a photic and at least three thermal ("dark") processes. Thermal reactions account for approximately half the total fall in extinction at 500 mµ. 3. Bleaching has been investigated at various pH''s from 3.9 to about 11. With increase in pH the velocity of the thermal components increases rapidly. Though the spectrum of rhodopsin itself is scarcely affected by change in pH, the spectra of all product-mixtures following irradiation are highly pH-labile. 4. The spectrum of pure rhodopsin—or of the rhodopsin chromophore—is fixed within narrow limits. The extinction at 400 mµ lies between 0.20 to 0.32 of that at the maximum. 5. Within the limitations of available data, the spectrum of pure rhodopsin corresponds in form and position with the spectral sensitivity of human rod vision, computed at the retinal surface. 6. The nature of bleaching of rhodopsin in solution, its kinetics, and its significance in the retinal cycle are discussed.